India is set to begin its first large-scale commercial semiconductor production in 2026, primarily focusing on mature nodes (28nm to 40nm) for automotive and consumer electronics. Key facilities entering production include the Tata Electronics fab in Dholera, Gujarat, and the Micron Technology facility in Sanand.
The Indian government is actively pursuing the next stage of semiconductor manufacturing, with plans to advance from current 28nm, 65nm, and 90nm capabilities to 7nm and eventually, 2nm fabrication, which is the present day high tech chip. The 2nm chip will power advanced applications like AI, automobiles, and edge computing devices.
The transition to 2nm requires moving from current DUV (Deep Ultraviolet) lithography to EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) systems, which the government is actively pursuing through international partnerships.
As of early 2026, the global race for 2nm semiconductor manufacturing is dominated by three main players: TSMC, Samsung, and Intel.
TSMC officially began volume production of its 2nm (N2) chips in the fourth quarter of 2025. Its initial capacity is heavily booked by major clients like Apple (expected for the iPhone 18 Pro) and Nvidia. The company is also preparing an enhanced N2P version and a 1.6nm (A16) process for later in 2026.
Samsung Electronics has achieved mass production of its first-generation 2nm chips (starting with the Exynos 2600) in late 2025. In 2026, it is ramping up its second-generation 2nm process (SF2P) and has secured a major $16.5 billion contract with Tesla. Samsung’s 2nm technology is the first to use Gate-All-Around (GAA) transistor architecture commercially.
Intel’s 18A node (equivalent to 2nm) has entered volume manufacturing, primarily for its own internal use such as the Panther Lake processors launched in January 2026. Intel is actively courting external customers like Microsoft and IBM to use its 18A process to compete with TSMC.
Rapidus (Japan) is a state-backed Japanese firm is currently in the pilot production phase for 2nm chips, with goals for full mass production by 2027.
Sadly India has missed out in the race for semiconductor technology which Taiwan picked up early and now is the world leader. Government is rightly giving the needed push with all the supports.
The first commercial production of chips in india would start in late 2026 or early 2027 at the Tata-PSMC facility in Dholera. The initial commercial chips would use 28nm to 90nm technology, which is ideal for automotive, telecom, and power applications.
While the art of today’s technology of 2nm fabrication is a decade away, India has already reached significant milestones in designing these advanced chips with Qualcomm. Qualcomm does not own factories (it is “fabless”), it has successfully taped out (finished the design for) its first 2nm chip, with a significant portion of this design work done at its Qualcomm India centers. India is targeting the domestic manufacturing of 2 nm chips by 2035 as part of its long-term Semicon 2.0 roadmap. But in this ten years, chips would have advanced further is a different story!





