Great disruption in the anvil in transportation sector

How many of us would survive to see a world with cars running without petrol and driver in the not too distant future? Tesla-s is coming with a bang! With this a revolution is on the air!

Global oil consumption would start dropping from 2020! It is predicted that the $10 trillion annual revenues in the existing vehicle and oil supply chains will shrink dramatically.

“We are on the cusp of one of the fastest, deepest, most consequential disruptions of transportation in history,”

But OPEC forecasts a jump in crude consumption by a further 16.4 million barrels a day to 109 million by 2040, with India increasingly taking over from China as growing market. Doomsday prediction indeed!!

Relax, sit back and watch the future, as the landscape would be far different from the one that is today!

Read the following article and Draw your own conclusion on the Armageddon of things on the anvil; sit back and relax…Anyway, I have resolved not to change my ALTO which is more than a decade old with a new one!

Petrol cars will vanish in 8 years, says US report from Stanford economist.

” A Tesla Model S, which has 18 moving parts, one hundred times fewer than a combustion engine car. “Maintenance is essentially zero,” says Stanford University economist Tony Seba. “That is why Tesla is offering infinite-mile warranties. You can drive it to the moon and back and they will still warranty it.”

No more petrol or diesel cars, buses, or trucks will be sold anywhere in the world within eight years. The entire market for land transport will switch to electrification, leading to a collapse of oil prices and the demise of the petroleum industry as we have known it for a century.

This is the futuristic forecast by Stanford University economist Tony Seba. The professor’s report, with the deceptively bland title Rethinking Transportation 2020-2030, has gone viral in green circles and is causing spasms of anxiety in the established industries.

Mr Seba’s premise is that people will stop driving altogether. They will switch en masse to self-drive electric vehicles (EVs) that are 10 times cheaper to run than fossil-based cars, with a near-zero marginal cost of fuel and an expected lifespan of 1 million miles (1.6 million kilometres).

Only nostalgics will cling to the old habit of car ownership. The rest will adapt to vehicles on demand. It will become harder to find a petrol station, spares, or anybody to fix the 2000 moving parts that bedevil the internal combustion engine. Dealers will disappear by 2024.

Cities will ban human drivers once the data confirms how dangerous they can be behind a wheel. This will spread to suburbs, and then beyond. There will be a “mass stranding of existing vehicles”. The value of second-hard cars will plunge. You will have to pay to dispose of your old vehicle.

It is a twin “death spiral” for big oil and big autos, with ugly implications for some big companies on the London Stock Exchange unless they adapt in time.

The long-term price of crude will fall to $US25 a barrel. Most forms of shale and deep-water drilling will no longer be viable. Assets will be stranded. Scotland will forfeit any North Sea bonanza. Russia, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Venezuela will be in trouble.

It is an existential threat to Ford, General Motors, and the German car industry. They will face a choice between manufacturing EVs in a brutal low-profit market, or reinventing themselves a self-drive service companies, variants of Uber and Lyft.

They are in the wrong business. The next generation of cars will be “computers on wheels”. Google, Apple, and Foxconn have the disruptive edge, and are going in for the kill. Silicon Valley is where the auto action is, not Detroit, Wolfsburg, or Toyota City.

The shift, according to Mr Seba, is driven by technology, not climate policies. Market forces are bringing it about with a speed and ferocity that governments could never hope to achieve.

“We are on the cusp of one of the fastest, deepest, most consequential disruptions of transportation in history,” Mr Seba said. “Internal combustion engine vehicles will enter a vicious cycle of increasing costs.”

The “tipping point” will arrive over the next two to three years as EV battery ranges surpass 200 miles and electric car prices in the US drop to $US30,000 ($40,600). By 2022, the low-end models will be down to $US20,000. After that, the avalanche will sweep all before it.

“What the cost curve says is that by 2025 all new vehicles will be electric, all new buses, all new cars, all new tractors, all new vans, anything that moves on wheels will be electric, globally,” Mr Seba said.

“Global oil demand will peak at 100 million barrels per day by 2020, dropping to 70 million by 2030.” There will be oil demand for use in the chemical industries, and for aviation, though Nasa and Boeing are working on hybrid-electric aircraft for short-haul passenger flights.

Mr Seba said the residual stock of fossil-based vehicles will take time to clear, but 95 per cent of the miles driven by 2030 in the US will be in autonomous EVs for reasons of costs, convenience, and efficiency. Oil use for road transport will crash from 8 million barrels a day to 1 million.

Insurance costs to fall by 90 per cent

The cost per mile for EVs will be 6.8 cents, rendering petrol cars obsolete. Insurance costs will fall by 90 per cent. The average American household will save $US5600 per year by making the switch. The US government will lose $50 billion a year in fuel taxes. Britain’s exchequer will be hit at the same rate.

“Our research and modelling indicate that the $10 trillion annual revenues in the existing vehicle and oil supply chains will shrink dramatically,” Mr Seba said.

“Certain high-cost countries, companies, and fields will see their oil production entirely wiped out. Exxon-Mobil, Shell and BP could see 40 per cent to 50 per cent of their assets become stranded,” the report said.

These are all large claims, though familiar those on the cutting edge of energy technology. While the professor’s timing may be off by a few years, there is little doubt about the general direction.

China is moving in parallel, pushing for 7 million electric vehicles by 2025, enforced by a minimum quota for “new energy” vehicles that shifts the burden for the switch onto manufacturers. “The trend is irreversible,” said Wang Chuanfu, head of the Chinese electric car producer BYD, backed by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway.

At the same time, global shipping rules are clamping down on dirty high-sulphur oil used in the cargo trade, a move that may lead to widespread use of liquefied natural gas for ship fuel.

This is all happening much faster than Saudi Arabia and Opec had assumed. The cartel’s World Oil Outlook last year dismissed electric vehicles as a fringe curiosity that would make little difference to ever-rising global demand for oil.

It predicted a jump in crude consumption by a further 16.4 million barrels a day to 109 million by 2040, with India increasingly taking over from China as growing market. The cartel said fossils will still make up 77 per cent of global energy use, much like today. It implicitly treated the Paris agreement on climate targets as empty rhetoric.

Whether Opec believes its own claims is doubtful. Saudi Arabia’s actions suggest otherwise. The kingdom is hedging its bets by selling off chunks of the state oil giant Saudi Aramco to fund diversification away from oil.

Opec, Russia, and the oil-exporting states are now caught in a squeeze and will probably be forced to extend output caps into 2018 to stop prices falling. Shale fracking in the US is now so efficient, and rebounding so fast, that it may cap oil prices in a range of $US45 to $US55 until the end of the decade. By then the historic window will be closing.

Experts will argue over Mr Seba’s claims. His broad point is that multiple technological trends are combining in a perfect storm. The simplicity of the EV model is breath-taking. The Tesla S has 18 moving parts, one hundred times fewer than a combustion engine car. “Maintenance is essentially zero. That is why Tesla is offering infinite-mile warranties. You can drive it to the moon and back and they will still warranty it,” Mr Seba said.

Self-drive “vehicles on demand” will be running at much higher levels of daily use than today’s cars and will last for 500,000 to 1 million miles each.

It has long been known that EVs are four times more efficient than petrol or diesel cars, which lose 80 per cent of their power in heat. What changes the equation is the advent of EV models with the acceleration and performance of a Lamborghini costing five or 10 times less to buy, and at least 10 times less to run.

“The electric drive-train is so much more powerful. The gasoline and diesel cars cannot possibly compete,” Mr Seba said. The parallel is what happened to film cameras – and to Kodak – once digital rivals hit the market. It was swift and brutal. “You can’t compete with zero marginal costs,” he said.

The effect is not confined to cars. Trucks will switch in tandem. Over 70 per cent of US haulage routes are already within battery range, and batteries are getting better each year.

EVs will increase US electricity demand by 18 per cent, but that does not imply the need for more capacity. They will draw power at times of peak supply and release it during peak demand. They are themselves a storage reservoir, helping to smooth the effects of intermittent solar and wind, and to absorb excess base-load from power plants.

Mark Carney, the Governor of the Bank England and chairman of Basel’s Financial Stability Board, has repeatedly warned that fossil energy companies are booking assets that can never be burnt under the Paris agreement.

He pointed out last year that it took only a small shift in global demand for coal to bankrupt three of the four largest coal-mining companies in short order. Other seemingly entrenched sectors could be just as vulnerable. He warned of a “Minsky moment”, if we do not prepare in time, where the energy revolution moves so fast that it precipitates a global financial crisis.

The crunch may be coming even sooner than he thought. The Basel Board may have to add the car industry to the mix. There will be losers. Whole countries will spin into crisis. The world’s geopolitical order will be reshaped almost overnight. But humanity as a whole should enjoy an enormous welfare gain.

Elan musk

Elan musk has done an yeoman service to the energy scenario by giving a new direction with the successful commissioning of high capacity storage batteries in southern Australia. I am sure the world would have lesser pollution especially with the adoption of electricity driven vehicles such as Tesla on the roads which is the major source of concern presently. My guilt of having deteriorated the air dooming the health of future generation, has been bailed out to an extent at least.

Doesn’t it feel proud to be a contemporary of this innovative and compulsive engineer. Like Steve jobs who earlier took on the industry majors like IBM head on, Musk is sending tremors in automobile industry with the major players blinking on the bleak prospects of time tested internal combustion engines! Let us wish him success in all his other endeavours as well: space-x and hyperloop…..

On the lighter vein: whether Nostradamus has spelt out the arrival of Musk! An opportunity to interpret the scripture and yell, yes it is….

Do we need Bullet trains?

An interesting and motivating article by the Editor, The Hindu Business Line that appeared in ‘The Hindu’ today: A truly lateral thought that counters the arguments on viability ridiculing its planning….

Here are its highlights..

One needs not only vision to think big and possess indomitable will to withstand the criticism of being megalomaniacal but also pursue unrealistic expensive and fanciful dreams. Take such dreams which the contemporaries must have been critical off: the early Taj Mahal or Great Wall of China or the recent Narmada Dam or the International Space Station (costing $200 billion) or Al Maktoum airport for which Dubai Sheiks are pumping $82 Billion or the South-North water linking project that the Chinese have undertaken which is the world’s largest hydro-engineering project with two 1000km water linking canals. These mega projects help in technologies and services, create tens of thousands of jobs, execution capabilities sparking innovations, shaping the world and the landscape around them. One showcase will trigger the aspirations of others like the Delhi Metro has been able to accomplish in India….

That is why we need not one project like Bullet train but many such mega projects to raise the technology and quality levels in engineering and develop skilled labours and enterprises that Create the eco-system!!

THINK BIG … DREAM THE IMPOSSIBLE…Make others envious….

It is now a concern that the bullet train project moving at snail’s pace: with the deadline of dec 2018 approaching for acquisition of land, only 0.9 of 1400 hectares have been acquired for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad Bullet train project. The Japan funding agency, JICA has stopped the payment on the grounds that the project did not show any progress due to several disputes. JICA, has agreed to provide nearly Rs. 80,000 crore for the estimated at 1 lakh crore. Only the first installment of Rs 125 crore was sanctioned when the Japanese PM visited Gujarat in last September has so far been released.

It is indeed tough to acquire agricultural land in a country where it is the livelihood of the poor. The demand of the land losers is job apart from the monetary compensation. While there are ‘many ways’ for a private entrepreneur to acquire land, the options for a government agency is limited.

Take for example Jamnagar, where RIL has built its world’s largest refinery. The entire complex consist of manufacturing and allied facilities, utilities, off-sites, port facilities and a township with over 7500 acres of land., which more than twice that of the one under acquisition for the high speed train! ‘Nowhere have farmers had it so good as Jamnagar where many have fixed deals for as high as Rs. 3.09 lakh per 2.5 acre for non-irrigated land and Rs. 4.06 lakh per 2.5 acre for irrigated land with Reliance Industries Limited’ wrote Times of India in its 31st March 2007 issue. They lead now a princely life and are envied by those who didn’t have any land to offer!

This could well be a case study for social scientists and agro-economists to understand the acumen and skills of Jamnagar’s farmers who willingly offered their lands for industrial development, make money and still remain farmers by buying farm lands in vicinity. In the process, they not only grow economically but also become partners in growth and economic progress. No less credit to Ambanis!

Land acquisition is not only a social issue but political as well. It has always been a pain in the neck. But, there is much more than just that meets the eye. After all India is not China…..!

Curbing gambling by legalising!

The latest law commission report on the recommendation to legalise gambling has stirred the air for an interesting debate. One of the arguments put forth is that this move would channel the money from underworld to legal channels. The society, evolving over millenniums of civilisation, proclaimed three vices as harbingers to the downfall of families and kingdoms: intoxicants, prostitution and gambling. Loosing control over mental balance, as these are addictive habits, is the guiding factor for the pronouncement in almost all cultures. 

Are we going to set the clock back simply because it is becoming impossible to enforce the law? Isn’t it too frivolous to quote Mahabharat to sanctify a flagitious activity? Shouldn’t you have been enlightened by the sufferings of Pandavas caused by the weakness of Yudhishtar to this ‘vice’ instead of quoting as an example?

Some countries have enacted the definition of “Prostitution” without legalising. the civic model of legal prostitution in early Hindu kingdoms have been dispensed with the refinement of cultural values inspite of resistances based on perceived chaste Women’s safety with the ‘steam being let off’!

While Some western societies regulate gambling, no one has attempted regulating ‘Narcotics’; the prime debate  in the present regime, whether the choice of individual shall prevail over the common societal progress, would again hit the headlines.

Legalising an illegal activity because of inept enforcement, would be last resort of cowardly governance!

Make in India

If India’s manufacturing labour cost is  $1.72/hour  which is half of that of China’s, why can’t it overtake China in manufacturing supremacy? Having large scale manufacturing plants in India where the domestic market itself swallow large percentage of manufactured goods could be a double advantage for global corporations, and with incentives for exports could be the icing on the cake. 

What should the government do to give a fillip to the growth momentum of the manufacturing sector?

The cost of transporting a tonne of freight over a km works out to Rs 2.28 by road, Rs 1.41by rail and Rs 1.19 for waterways. Using ports in a big way with the ‘Sagar Mala’ can help India lower logistics costs substantially.

Ease of enforcing contracts and dispute resolution should be made easier: India ranks still ranks 164 amongst 190 countries on enforcing contracts, according to the World Bank. On an average, it takes almost four years for a dispute to be resolved in India compared to less than six months in Singapore. 

The government support for adoption of best practices to reduce cost of production with 3D printing and automated real-time processes in manufacturing, would serve the industry in the long run. 

The environmental and the land acquisition  issues would be an inevitable dampener that would apply brakes, but it is the political ingenuity that would save the day.

With government’s focused efforts, the ecosystem looking much better now, even with global trade wars hotting up, primarily because of large domestic market. The vast market has only been simplified but also unified with GST ensuring easier movement of goods across its states’ borders. Changes are becoming visible: A shining example is South Korean giant Samsung’s mobile phone factory being set up at Noida, which will be the largest in the world, from where close to 30% of the handsets made there will be exported. Can Samsung do in Electronic mobile manufacturing, what a Maruti did for auto industry in 1990’s? 

Of the top five defence spenders in the world – the US, China, Saudi Arabia, Russia and India — the Saudis and Indians are the most ‘import-dependent’. The actual defence expenditure, on arms and arsenals acquisition, has also on the decline primarily due to the reluctance of those in power to standup against controversies and the public glare threatening to seriously impede the probity. This has taken monstrous proportion in the last tenure of UPA, seriously compromising the defence preparedness. Mr. Antony was portrayed as ‘holier than cow’ in erstwhile UPA through questionable ‘inaction’.

The opportunity of creating a manufacturing base with the resources available, should have been exploited in the post independent era, but had sadly been missed. The indigenisation of defence manufacturing has always been thwarted by powerful lobbies both within the armed forces, and government favouring imports over domestic manufacture. All said and done, Creating and sustaining a private sector in defence manufacturing demands a strong political will and far sighted statesmanship. It is always fraught with the risk of controversy for the simple reason that it is an industry with only one buyer — the government.

Well meaning progress of ‘Make in India in defence manufacturing’ will depend on how the narrative takes shape with an issue such as Rafale. It all depends on how the current regime is able to confront the highly articulative media that could easily convince a credulous Indian mind with its ‘there can’t be smoke without a fire’ attitude. In spite of non-consensus between the opposition political parties on any murkiness in the ‘deal’, congress looks at Rafale as the only last straw left in resurrecting its corruption-sullied image- confront with the same weapon! What is least expected of as a responsible political party, it must stop hurting the cause of self-reliance in defence and ought to be more ‘far-sighted’.

Defence manufacturing is major sector that has a huge potential, has already been sighted by the present regime! A disruptive initiative of such a magnitude would obviously create ruckus to start with before settling  down! As in any action filled thriller, fireworks is an inescapable default segment: Enjoy the entertainment episodes of a vibrant democracy!

Policy Paralysis in Indian Power Sector

A catch-22 situation stares at the thermal power plants that are fraught with perineal problems with many of the assets becoming NPA! The new projects either suffer from absence of fuel supply agreements or long term power purchase agreements. 

While the operating plants suffer from non payment of power bills. UDAY has not yielded expected results as most of the state DISCOMs did not utilise the breather to improve the finance stability by tariff rise: Vote-bank politics! This has resulted in overdue of credit repayments- result is the strict RBI norms for declaring NPA. 

There is another obligation to the DISCOMs: they have to purchase around 20% of power from renewable resources. Those who don’t , have to compensate by purchase of bonds equivalent to the value from others! The delays in implementing the solar energy projects indirectly raised the cost of conventional power as DISCOMs have to compensate by purchase of these ‘green bonds’. Going green is a policy decision while the industry has not matured enough to yield the expected results! 

Most of the DISCOMs are in dire straits! Hence the power bills are overdue! Unless the power bills are paid back, the power producers cant pay back the loan! 

Many of the problems are policy driven and not the industry management. Though many of the bottlenecks related to coal production and movement from the pit heads have been resolved, the ministry’s hands are full, to address the issues of the coal consumer.